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Kind: captions Language: en [Applause] boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance but it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance so for example water only boils at 100° C if the pressure is one atmosphere so if you reduce the pressure then those water molecules that are going quite quickly can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them so you can get water to boil at room temperature this is really boiling water the funny thing about boiling water at room temperature is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water that's because all of the fastest water molecules Escape leaving only the slow ones behind we're refrigerating the water refrigerating the Water by boiling it yes yes that is a cool concept I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen but I've never seen solid nitrogen so we use the same trick pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules and eventually that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze no I'm putting a uh thermocouple in there so we can measure the temperature of our liquid nitrogen and it reads uh okay so the temperature of our liquid nitrogen is aboutus 196 CS which is exactly what it should be and now we're going to uh Evacuate the chamber we're going to suck the air out of there you can see that the the nitrogen is boiling okay the temperature it's the temperature is dropping minus 199 minus 200 nothing we're coming up on the triple point of nitrogen yeah I don't know no no maybe not we are forming solid nitrogen pre the ice is actually getting sucked up by the reduced pressure up here and there's a higher pressure underneath the ice because the vacuum pump hasn't had a chance to work there I've never seen solid nitrogen before the nen after creating the solid nitrogen we poured it onto a water bath and we got the whole surface so cold that carbon dioxide actually condensed out of the atmosphere and we formed solid carbon dioxide dry ice on the surface of the water [Music] for wa we have a solid piece of CO2 and [Music] jaser [Music] H but the world should feel the same fres of refence slide off the tip of the pencil called inal FR usually many layers
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