Kind: captions
Language: en
So, I wanted to talk to people about the
different states of matter, solid,
liquid, and gas, using water as an
example. But I thought first I better be
sure that we're all on the same page
about what water is made of. What's
water made of?
Water.
Yeah.
What makes water?
Um, water.
Okay. What elements does it take to make
water?
H2O.
So, what does that mean?
It is water.
What elements? Water and cold. Water
plus cold. But what does the H and the O
mean?
Uh um something and oxygen.
Something and oxygen.
Hydrogen.
There you go.
Hydrogen.
Hydrogen and oxygen. What's the two
mean?
Hydrogen. Oxygen.
And the two H2O.
Why do we say two?
Uh I don't know.
It's two particles of hydrogen and one
of oxygen.
There you go. So that that makes what we
call a water
compound.
Two two atoms of hydrogen and one atom
of oxygen makes a water
molecule.
I know the word was like on the tip of
your tongue.
I guess we got there in the end. So
what's the difference between solid and
liquid water?
Uh so the obviously the temperature of
it
it's a lot colder. Um
ice is frozen. What does it mean to be
frozen then?
Colds.
Liquid water is no good for skating on.
Ice is great.
Nothing other than temperature.
So, everyone recognizes that temperature
is important in determining whether the
water is ice or liquid. But what's
actually happening between the water
molecules? What's the difference between
water and ice?
It's frozen.
What does it mean for something to be
frozen?
It's solid.
What does it mean for something to be
solid?
That it's like a brick.
It's like a brick. And what makes it
like a brick? What's happening in there?
I don't know. But what makes it a solid
versus a liquid?
Well, in this case, lots of pipes going
underneath. But
that makes it very cold.
Makes it very very cold. Yeah.
But what's actually happening to the
little bits of water?
They're attaching to each other. Are
they attach They're attaching. And this
is This is all the guess work here. I
imagine they're attaching to each other.
They're forming a more solid endpiece.
You cool liquid water down and then at
some point, what happens to it? I don't
know. Slows down, freezes, and stops
moving.
The molecules become frozen.
How do they become frozen?
They
join together. They uh accumulate. They
coagulate.
Coagulate is not the technical term for
it, but everyone was on the right track.
In ice, the water molecules are
basically fixed in place. They form a
crystal lattice where their only motion
is vibrating. So, what happens if we
heat up the ice?
Like, how what happens when like a solid
melts?
Um, they all bounce out. And
what are we talking about?
Melt.
What? What is they What are they doing?
Well, like in science, you draw little
circles.
What are those little circles?
Oxygen.
Are they just oxygen?
Hydrogen. Oxygen. And the two
And the two
the temperature is higher.
So, so the particles, they're less
stable.
Yeah. Yeah, less stable.
Not stable.
Less more free to move around.
That sense, right?
They become separate and they are
allowed to move around. And in gas,
maybe they're further apart. Is that Is
that what we Okay. Okay.
Fantastic. This guy has nailed it.
All right. That makes sense. That's
awesome. All right.
So, in liquid water, the water molecules
not only vibrate, they can also rotate
and slide past each other. And this is
what allows the substance to flow. At
even higher temperatures, the water
molecules become free of that liquid and
turn into water vapor. In that state,
they are very very far apart and moving
very quickly. So, the major differences
between solid, liquid, and gas are the
motion of the particles and the distance
between them. Of course, you may want to
meditate on these differences some more.
Oh, what about the difference between a
solid, a liquid, and a gas? Oh, that's
easy. I teach meditation and it's all
about the um as you deexite something
so you deexite the mind you get more
orderliness as you deexite water vapor
you get water as you deexite water you
get ice more orderly so in fact the
molecular structure becomes more orderly
that's the difference
that sounds quite reasonable how do you
deexite something
well in in this case you actually remove
energy from it in human beings you calm
their minds down with meditation
And that works. We get the excited.
Yeah.
Does that mean if I meditate too much I
might turn into ice though?
No. But you'll generally become cool.
[Laughter]
Good answer, sir. Thank you so much.