Kind: captions
Language: en
[Music]
how many of you have heard of the phrase
food is medicine that's almost all of
you and how many of you actually
understand it because I know in this
room there are physicians who actually
understand medicine but I don't see too
many physicians who understand food what
I'm going to try to do is to bring you
up to speed on how the two worlds of
nutrition and medicine are starting to
collide and give you a glimpse of the
future of what food as medicine will
really be like before I do that though I
want actually just bring us all back to
the old man himself Epocrates who lived
in a time when people didn't have a lot
to eat they ate fresh foods there were
no processed foods that we entreprises
foods so to speak and he's the one that
actually claimed the term let food be
thy medicine but back then it was really
serious because they were they were
actually men dictating to themselves
going forward and not actually trying to
treat disease that had already left the
bar so where do we take you know 2,000
years of wisdom and move it into the
future before we go to the future let's
look at the present day right so
everybody knows that this is the
unfortunate scenario as was described
expertly by my colleagues dari Motte
Safari who's the Dean of the Tufts
nutrition school and and Dan Glickman
who's a former Secretary of Agriculture
and the idea really is that our food is
really compromising our healthcare
system in the United States about a half
a million deaths worldwide about 11
million deaths a year attributed to poor
diet and this is actually the study that
they cited from JAMA showing that the
state of the u.s. of health in the US
over the course of 25 years if you take
a look at all those disease entities
that are in small type on the right-hand
side and look at the number one risk for
mortality its dietary risks accounting
for neoplasms cancer cardiovascular
disease and diabetes right so these are
the chronic diseases that actually al
are system our health care system that
we're trying to figure out a way as
we've been talking about over the last
years how to do early detection how to
do monitoring how to actually do the
appropriate types of feedback so let's
dive a little bit further into dietary
risk to understand what that is because
most of us think of dietary risk as
foods that we should cut out of our
lives right
human nature abhors deprivation so we
don't really want to cut things out of
our life in fact if I were to tell you
something to remove from your life you
might actually at some point after I
told you that think about adding it
sneaking it in just so that you can
actually try that now what are the
things that we know about dietary risk
we know that we're not eating enough
nuts and seeds fruits and vegetables low
in omega-3 fatty acids and we're eating
too many processed foods like red meat
and processed meats and of course sugar
sweetened beverages but that doesn't
mean that this is a solution to health
the solutions really coming out of
economic drivers so this is about two
and a half trillion dollars of burden
that is attributed to some of these
dietary risks diet isn't the full cause
to these there's lots of other things
we've talked about epigenetics genetic
factors there's other lifestyle issues
stress social issues that actually are
determinants of health and disease as
well but I do think that we have to
start here to take a look at what we can
actually do about it now
we are also not only interested in our
persons and our commute our families in
our communities we're also interested in
the planet and in January of this year
they eat Lancet Commission which is an
international coalition made a release a
statement a study that said basically in
order to create some eat sustainability
goals by 2050 we have to have the amount
of red meat and sugar that we eat and we
have to double the amount of fruits and
nuts and vegetables in order to be good
not only for the person but also for the
planet and this kind of just raised a
whole other set of issues that in some
ways are controversial but also help to
bring the focus of nutrition and food
and health into clarity you've got
economics you've got policy global
policy you've got sustainability so it's
not just no longer about the person
going up on the podium talking about a
vegan diet we're really talking about
something that has a true economic value
in a draw
for opportunity as well now different
states now actually have food as
medicine programs now even though most
of us here said well we're not really
sure what that means I can tell you
that's starting to be legislated even
insurance companies actually are
beginning to talk about you know cancer
protection in a bag and so the
vernacular of food is medicine is now
actually starting to reach the public
and corporations and it's also on
Capitol Hill there was a bipartisan
announcement of the formation of a food
as medicine working group within a
hunger caucus that is now actually a
meeting to talk about this issue as well
and then finally even the Vatican has
gotten involved this is actually from a
conference that I gave an address at
talking about using die to mobilize our
defenses against the disease and a
degrading environment and so you can
kind of see this is no longer really a
bunch of extremists talking about vegan
diets and at the salad bar we're really
talking about a kind of a global
awakening and that's really what I want
to share with you is that this global
Awakening is gonna drive things into the
future so what does that mean does that
mean that we all just go to the veggie
counter at the Whole Foods to be able to
get a plate full of healthy foods this
is actually what most people think about
is food as medicine let's let's get rid
of all the bad stuff let's pile up a
bowl and let's go ahead and munch down
but if you think about it this is a
solution but it's not the whole solution
and it can't be because there's a lot of
science that is still unknown that still
needs to be unraveled about what it is
about food I mean are there superfoods
is there a super supplement probably not
there are no super drugs either what we
know is that the body actually is very
complex and actually responds to foods
on an individual as well as a systemic
level in ways that we barely understand
so where are the good ideas where's the
scientific evidence the basis for
actually innovation going into the
future coming from I'm actually not
going to talk about
the plant plant-based food movement
because there's plenty of other people
out there that are very well-qualified
to talk about that I'm actually not
going to talk about sustaining if it's a
sustainable farming or regenerative
agriculture there are other people that
are talking about that important topic
as well
but I won't actually tell you that out
of what we're thinking about there's a
in terms of science there are some
really amazing innovations that really
reflect the singularity of food as
medicine food and health and the future
of nutrition this is just a a partial
list of some of the actual innovations
that are underway some of which are
already available like the impossible
burger and beyond meat but there are
some other amazing things that are
actually in various stages of in some
cases of advanced development that are
going to be impacting how we view our
dinner plate and the offerings related
to nutrition I'm showing you this
picture really to spark your imagination
because while we're here on earth we can
choose whatever we want to eat but one
day when humans become extraterrestrial
and we know all know the efforts that
are underway to be able to get us there
it's just gonna be us against the
environment and the environment
outside of Earth is hostile we will have
to actually take countermeasures on a
continuous basis in order to be able to
protect our immune system protect our
bone marrow protect our our DNA the
radiation from outer space is going to
be relentless and damaging so an
interesting challenge I'm going to give
to you mental framework to think if you
really wanted to study food as medicine
and nutrition model this future human in
living in space and think about what it
is when you start from nothing and when
you're and you're pitted against
damaging forces what do we need to do to
maintain health so this is almost the
ultimate model to think about is really
how humans will actually live
successfully in space so where does that
take us well that takes us to real
science you can't hand wave
that answer so I'm gonna suggest to you
that some of the answers to the future
for food as medicine is going to come
out of the pharmaceutical world now I'm
a physician and also a vascular
biologist I've spent the last thirty
years working to help develop medicate
medicines that can actually influence
angiogenesis which is how the body grows
blood vessels it's a common denominator
of diseases there's 60,000 miles with
the blood vessels packed inside our
bodies it is the common denominator to
cancer heart disease stroke blindness
obesity diabetes about 70 different
disorders and I can tell you from my
work which has actually led to a number
of fda-approved drugs and devices that
there are some amazing insights that I
think we can apply to understanding how
food can be used as medicine and the
reason that we have to tap into this is
because of the investment since over the
last 25 years 802 new fda-approved drugs
we cannot overlook this huge data set
this experience the spiritual
information coming out of the investment
in life sciences and so what are we
learning from there and this is just a
list of 32 of the of the interventions I
personally been involved with and so my
street cred is that look science can be
turned into practice but it really needs
to go through a pretty rigorous process
of validation testing and then
ultimately figure out how to actually
get it to market so some of the things
that we're learning over the last 25
years in fact is the genome in ways that
we've never even imagined we could know
previously now of course we can do gene
editing we've also figured out the human
genome which is you know sort of the
interrelationships of of cell signaling
pathways and many of the cell signal
pathways are now druggable targets and
this is really the bread and butter of
biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals
today we've also really more recently
broken through the glass ceiling of
immunotherapy where it's now possible to
activate and leverage the body's own
immune system to fight disease so now
we're not actually treating the disease
using synthetic chemicals we're actually
leveraging natural cells in fact our own
body cells to allow them to actually
overcome diseases in some cases very
successfully so
look at all this information that we've
actually gained what how do we apply
this to better understand food well
that's really what I set out to do about
ten years ago and I thought what if you
were to actually take everything we know
about biotech development in the areas
of angiogenesis which you know developed
more than 30 different treatments for
cancer diabetes and vision loss what if
we took gene therapy a regenerative
medicine looked at the emerging field of
microbiome and looking at immunotherapy
what if we actually took a look at
everything that the industry the
biopharmaceutical industry is working in
those spaces and turned it inside-out
and didn't ask about disease but asked
about health didn't ask about drugs but
asked about food so now I'm actually
gonna show you what how we've actually
proceeded preceded with that idea and
the things that we've actually found I
want to start with angiogenesis which is
my home base blood vessels growing
throughout the body we need blood
vessels to bring oxygen and nutrients to
every cell disease cells can actually
hijack this process and cause all kinds
of problems including cancer and the in
angiogenesis is the microcirculation so
the old science of the circulation when
I went to medical school was you know
the large vessels vasodilation and
vasoconstriction and that's pretty much
it and clotting now we know that the
micro circulation is in fact a control
system for all the organs in the body
and it's critical for regenerating
organs for modulating scar formation and
healing and repair and so I want to show
you what happens though when you
actually have too few blood vessels you
wind up having a whole series of
ischemic diseases that can cause all
kinds of serious chronic diseases and
when you have too many blood vessels a
loss of control where you have excessive
florid growing angiogenesis blood
vessels growing in the wrong place at
the wrong time you also have other
diseases that are heavily associated
with and by the way these are where I've
asterisks the disease's for which there
have been fda-approved drugs developed
gone through phase 3 FDA approval are
now actually used in clinical practice
so let's take a look at and what these
medications are trying to do is to
restore the body back to a healthy
baseline of
angiogenesis the healthy
microcirculation so I want to give you
an example of what we're actually
finding out in terms of this field as it
applies to nutrition so we know that
tumors actually are harmless until they
hijacked angiogenesis and grow blood
vessels to feed themselves in fact the
tumor will grow 16,000 times in volume
once a a vascular tumor has a blood
vessel touching it and bringing it
nutrition and we know that you can cut
off the blood supply to cancers through
anti-angiogenic drugs and in fact
there's a large number of those drugs
they've actually been FDA approved these
are so-called you know cancer star verse
and by starving a cancer you cut off the
blood supply you interfere with the the
immune repellent properties of a tumor
themselves and again this is hard one
biotech approvals and one of the essays
that was developed very early on that I
was a part of with the National Cancer
Institute is to really be able to do
drug testing so for drug discovery what
you're seeing on the left is actually a
aerial and eagles eye view of a rat's
aorta so that she's been cross-section
so it's just a couple of millimeters in
diameter and you're seeing the eagle's
eye view it's like a calamari ring and
and inside the lining of the ring you'll
remember there's endothelial cells the
cells lining blood vessels that actually
if you drop and grow these into a dish
and you drop in those factors that are
necessary that cancers do you'll get
this explosive starburst of blood
vessels that are moving out radially
from to the outside and when you
actually test a drug like the one on the
right hand side you can shut those
vessels down vessels go away tumors
can't be fed this is actually part of
the process of drug development and I'm
only sharing this with you as a
historical point to show you how you can
use the same assay system used in
biotech for developing drugs to test
food all right this is the
pharmaceutical response to one of the
drugs in fact the one I just showed you
and you can see this is a metastatic
cervical cancer on the left you see the
tumor after 18 weeks of treatment you
can see starving the cancer gives you a
beneficial clinical result the real
question is you know I used to ask this
question all
you go to a cancer research lab and you
can go under the computer you can
actually overnight order some of your
new chemicals that she test to see their
anti-cancer response but you could call
a pizza delivery shop and they could
deliver it within 20 minutes and you ask
the researcher how you gonna test that
and they wouldn't have any idea so what
we've actually started to do is to
figure out how do you deconstruct food
into its outcome core components and
test them in the same systems that drugs
are evaluated food as medicine involves
a validation to testing this discovery
parts I just want to show you a little
bit of what we've done by taking a
broader view of the farmers market right
so these are all healthy foods I mean
you guys know that just by visual
inspection but let's take a look at what
happens when you test drugs in this case
on the on the horizontal axis it's the
magnitude of the effect of being able to
of the blood vessels growing so on the
very top the black line you can see
blood vessels growing out full board
okay like a tumor stimulating and now
you can add drugs both cancer drugs in
blue in the and common drug some of the
off-label common drugs by the way we
heard this brilliant talk a few days ago
about Castleman's disease and looking
for off-label drugs so this is something
we've been doing for a long time and you
can kind of see the off-label drug with
some have some of the great effects that
specific indicated drugs actually have
well that's an interesting thing all by
itself but now here's what happens when
you blind your samples and some of those
samples are food you can see food and
drugs can go head-to-head against each
other if you extract the food and time
to take a look in the same system that's
used for drug discovery and this has
actually opened up the eyes of folks
like myself and my colleagues to sort of
say wow what else can we actually be
testing in this system and can we move
our testing of food through the same
rigorous process for that they're used
in the biopharmaceutical space I want to
give some examples and again this is lab
I'm gonna try to show you how you put
the whole picture together because you
can't run a clinical trial of foods in
the same way that you can actually run
for a drug so this is the baseline
system now look what happened to you
actually extract soy
soybeans you shut that down there's no
estrogen receptors in here okay so this
is a human estrogen and soy plant
estrogens are very different but but soy
contains phytoestrogens phytochemicals
that actually are powerful inhibitors of
angiogenesis so this actually overturns
some of this this urban legend that
women who are at risk for breast cancer
who have breast cancer should actually
avoid soy in fact we know this is true
because if you go if you jump from the
preclinical over into human studies take
a look at this study this is actually
published in JAMA where they actually
studied 5000 women who already had
breast cancer and what they found is
that those women who ate more soy
actually had a lower risk of desk this
is women with breast cancer and also and
if they had a completely treated they
had a fewer lesser chance of recurrence
as well
how much soy that they need to actually
get consume in order to get this effect
about 10 grams of soy protein per day
that's about the amount of soy protein
in a cup of soy milk so practical levels
can be achieved and this is actually a
public health study that helps us to
correlate what we're actually finding
preclinically in drug development assay
so this is actually an example of what
we can actually do to be able to make a
case and start to dig a little bit
deeper using the tools that we already
have to understand food is medicine now
you might say well that was just one
study you showed how do we know that
this is true on a larger will it hold up
over a larger study this is a
meta-analysis seventeen studies and you
can see we're correlating breast cancer
and soy intake in terms of death and
survival on every single case that it
the the survival advantage is in favor
of soy consumption not death so how do
we actually overturn some of this urban
legend that occurs there's a lot of
rumors that are out there in the
consumer world and and you know part of
it is that really the FDA doesn't
regulate I mean they regulate food
safety there's some regulation of
dietary supplements but really there's
nobody there's no truth engine really
that's evidence based when it comes to
our diets there's a lot of stuff that
just goes floating around and what I'm
trying to do is to contribute to solving
that Tomatoes again does it actually
have
harmful compounds into it because it's
related a nightshade that's like the
latest urban legend
well tomato is actually have a lot of
carotenoids one of which is lycopene
well lycopene inhibits angiogenesis in
that rent the aortic ring assay which I
showed you earlier well that's pretty
cool what could that actually possibly
you'd be useful for let's let's jump
back to the human studies this is
actually the health professionals
follow-up study of 46,000 men and it
found that those men who ate two to
three servings of cooked tomatoes per
week had a 34 up to 30% reduction in
their risk of developing prostate cancer
which depends upon angiogenesis and in
fact those men who did develop prostate
cancer when they look deeply in the
tooth in a tumor this is molecular
pathology they actually found that the
men who ate more cooked tomato sauce
actually had less fewer blood vessels
and also they also found that the tumors
were less aggressive as well so again
it's possible to actually engage the
real medical community to begin looking
at these questions and any other
question is dose what's the best dose
right like what's the best source of
lycopene well it turns out not all
tomatoes were equal this is actually
four types of tomatoes have you ever
gone into the farmers market or the
grocery store and a summer you saw all
these different types of tomatoes
wouldn't you want to know which one is
the most potent well I do and this is
why we started to take a look at which
the light the relative lycopene levels
of different tomatoes and these are just
four of the cultivars or varietals that
actually have the highest levels by the
way why do you have to cook the tomatoes
because the lycopene coming off of the
vine tomato on a vine is actually in a
chemical confirmation your body can't
absorb when you heat it the ideal way of
heating is with olive oil okay not too
boiling temperature but simmering so now
think about Mediterranean cuisine you've
changed a chemical conformation into a
form the body can absorb so that makes a
lot of sense here are some foods with
anti-angiogenic activity that can cut
off the blood supply feeding cancers and
also by the way other diseases
associated with angiogenesis I wrote a
book called need to beat disease there's
plenty of lists all throughout those
books so if you don't have to try to
copy this down let me just flip to the
other side what about the
conditions where you don't have enough
blood vessels where you want to grow
more blood vessels up to a healthy point
well we know that the biotech community
is trying to develop therapeutic
angiogenesis for coronary artery disease
ischemic heart disease for peripheral
arterial disease critical limb ischemia
is a cause of amputation in the country
associated with diabetes and
atherosclerosis so these are all the end
stages of chronic diseases that we want
to avoid and some people say well you
know like if we could just eat more
healthfully we'd actually be able to
reverse heart disease true if we
actually had the better type of dietary
fat we'd actually lower the risk of
atherosclerosis possibly you know and
we've got the statins of course but is
that really the solution probably not so
what could we actually do to actually
add grow blood vessels naturally well
this is an interesting study that showed
beta-d-glucose hourly can be made into
pasta you can feed the pasta to animals
that actually have a deficit in their
hearts now where they're not getting out
of blood vessels of ischemic heart
disease and you can measure and this is
the only intervention dietary deliverer
beta D clew can on the effect of
angiogenesis and you can actually grow
blood vessels in their ischemic tissue
with just a dietary intervention again
if I didn't tell you this was from pasta
or or barley and I showed you this as a
drug that's being discovered you might
get interested in this if you were an
investor and so again this is the kind
of stuff that you know people are
starting to take a look at is how do we
use the tools here's another one this is
a the peel of an apple that actually can
that should be used to grow blood
vessels with our Solek acid back in the
ischemic hindlimb model and what's
amazing is that these two sides actually
don't antagonize each other they
actually they actually work together
foods with angiogenesis stimulating
activity of quite amazing regeneration
starfish regenerate salamanders can
regenerate and people do regenerate as
well and we know that stem cells are
called an action after injury we know
that debate worse the injury the more
the stem cells respond we also know that
aging slows down our stem cells we heard
about aging the other day and we also
know that if you actually have lower
stem cells your chances of actually
having a negative
cardiovascular disease are worse so what
could you actually do to stimulate this
besides going into clinical trials
well what about cacao studies have been
done looking at chocolate dark chocolate
that could count the polyphenols and in
fact they've actually studied this by
looking at 60 year old men with
cardiovascular disease and feeding them
high polyphenol cacao and a month later
you could double the amount of
circulating stem cells in their
circulation it's not the final answer
but it's an amazing point that you can
actually do it and they've studied this
with larger numbers of people looking at
lowering the incidence of heart disease
as well omega-3 fatty acids also can
increase the activity of stem cells a
lot of these medications can stimulate
what about cancer stem cells this is one
of the most amazing things to me because
there is it's a holy grail to find
something I can kill a cancer stem cell
which actually helps tumors recur well
it turns out that there are foods that
inhibit cancer stem cells and one of
them in fact is the walnut and this is a
study from that was presented at ASCO
the American Society of Clinical
Oncology in which they looked at 800
patients with faith as stage 3 colon
cancer getting regular treatment
chemotherapy and then found that those
who ate two or more servings of tree
nuts a week including walnuts had a 50%
53 percent improvement in survival and a
66 percent reduction in cancer
recurrence after surgery why does that
happen look at this look at this
kaplan-meier curve it's pretty amazing
if you had a drug that could do this add
it on top of the treatment you would
actually call this something that you
definitely should be explored further
how does that work well it looks like
when you extract something the
polyphenols from walnuts you can
actually kill colon cancer stem cells
amazing
so again biotech informing us I want to
just close quickly by showing you just a
snippet of what the microbiome and
immune system can that you do 37
trillion bacteria in our bodies
associated with all kinds of chronic
diseases we don't really have good
answers for clearly or connected how do
we treat our microbiome well we can feed
the bat bugs we can give the bugs and
avoid things that can hurt the bugs here
are things are some surprises kiwi fruit
is prebiotic when you actually do small
pilot studies you can give female
volunteers kiwi fruit you increase their
beneficial bacteria by 30 percent in the
first day and and another type for the
course of about four days these are the
foods that you can actually eat to
actually consume bacteria I'm not going
to go into that in detail and sourdough
bread actually also contains a
lactobacillus root Arai that is used to
make the dough sour now what's really
amazing is that this same bacteria used
for sourdough can inhibit the growth of
breast cancer and the activity of
lactobacillus doesn't require live
bacteria if you fragment and Sonic ate
them the particles will actually have
the same effect this is actually showing
a mouse study with a healthy diet and
breast tumors a fast food diet
speeds up the growth of breast cancer
but then you add the probiotic black to
Pazuzu dry in a drinking water and let
him eat a fast food diet you decrease
the risk that you've decreased the the
growth the speed of breast cancer growth
a lot of foods infect the microbiome the
last thing I want to just close on is
immunotherapy which i think is one of
the biggest breakthroughs Jimmy Carter
our president actually former president
actually had melanoma spread to the
brain he received immunotherapy the
tumor brazil
responded and now he's the oldest living
president today cancer-free not
everybody responds though to these
immunotherapies in fact there's a big
gap between responders and
non-responders and was discovered is
that a single gut bacteria seems to be
responsible for them published in
science by LaRon zip Vogel and what she
found is that the people who responded
to checkpoint inhibitors one type of
immune therapy versus the people who did
not respond when they checked every
compared everything that they possibly
could they found the difference was one
bacteria in their gut microbiome a cure
Mansa Musa Nephila and by the way you
can't actually eat that probiotic as a
probiotic you only way you can grow a
core man C is by eating with food so by
having pomegranate you can cough the
goblet cells to secrete more mucus which
this bacteria likes to grow in and they
will actually respond and there's a lot
of literature coming out talking about
how to grow this particular type of
homeostatic cancer surveillance immune
producing bacteria and think about the
opportunities to combine this actually
and in the study so Ackerman SIA causes
mucus secretion we
that allows immunotherapies to work
better now why am I even telling you
this with the confidence I have and it's
because my mother who was in her 80s had
metastatic endometrial cancer and was
not given much chance to actually
survive her disease
we got her tumor we sequenced it we
found the smoking guns that would make
her eligible for immunotherapy and then
we actually gave her foods that would
actually support the Ackermann see
growth and she actually wound up
becoming a complete responder so again
now people are beginning to look really
at how do we actually optimize
immunotherapy which is one of the
expensive treatments so this isn't food
as medicine or food versus medicine this
is food plus medicine a study of
broccoli sprouts in in young people
actually getting the nasal flu vaccine
showed in 29 healthy volunteers if they
had all had a nasal vaccine but if they
split them up and one group actually got
two cups of broccoli sprout in a shake
made into a shake a day and the sprout
years had 22 times more natural killer
cells t-cells in their blood and the NK
cells had more power in the lab and the
sprout eaters had fewer viral particles
in their nose as well it's really
important to pay attention to this and
to really look at this so it's not food
as medicine as food and medicine all
about activating our body's health
defenses the future there's this this is
going to take us into really distant
locations that we can't even predict yet
the flavor room is actually looking at
what are the substances of mother
nature's imbued into foods and how they
relate biologically and so when we think
about all these amazing things that I
showed you earlier that people might be
enthusiastic about because it really is
today's innovations I hope I've shown
you a little bit about what is possible
in the future by really taking really
the best of all we've got that we've
done already in bio pharmaceuticals and
applying that same kind of thinking and
I'll just close with this quote by Andre
GV who won a Nobel Prize he said man can
discover new oceans unless he's got
courage to lose sight of the shore and I
think that's where we are with food and
medicine this is about losing sight of
the shore that we always talked about
just go vegan you know he'd sustainably
like yeah we need to do all those things
but look
how much further we have to go anybody
wants to learn more about the details of
what I've shown you and get the lists of
the foods that can activate angel
Genesis stem cells microbiome DNA
protection and immunity I wrote this
book eat to beat disease feel free to
connect with me and I hope this is
something that will impact the decisions
you make this evening thank you thank
you that short of force
two quick questions I don't think I've
had broccoli tells xx my mom is here
thanks mom I never really able to do
with my veggies all those sort of green
powders that you combine some of these
things concentrated broccoli can that
help me question number one as opposed
to the natural way we all want to cheat
don't we well look I mean I think that
is completely legitimate to try to take
versions of whole foods and try to
create simplified ways to actually get
as much goodness as you can but really
is what we've heard at this at
exponential medicine is that we are just
scratching the surface of being on a
monitor how what we're doing and we
can't have an objective measure that can
show that the green stuff will do just
as well as a serving of steamed broccoli
then we'll actually be able to compare
those things in the meantime I would
encourage you to eat the whole food get
your greens last question real quick
when you and I went to medical school
barely any nutrition how do we encourage
clinicians beyond nutritionists to start
prescribing food for both prevention and
therapy right well medically indicated
meals is actually already starting and I
showed you the insurance companies are
payers and are and self-insured
employers are now beginning to actually
reward people for making better choices
doctors are really at the back of the
bus on this and I think one of the
things that we all need to do is to
encourage the young people coming
through the ranks and and also the
administrators who are actually looking
at curriculum and the board tests
designers to be able to put more
information about nutrition so we're not
only thinking about medicines we're
actually thinking about food okay thanks
so much all right
[Applause]
[Music]